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当前位置:首页 > 产品中心 > 阿尔茨海默症相关产品 > Tau 相关产品

Tau 相关产品

概述

  • 产品名称

    Anti-Tau (phospho T231)抗体[EPR2488]
    参阅全部 Tau 一抗
  • 描述

    兔单克隆抗体[EPR2488] to Tau (phospho T231)
  • 宿主

    Rabbit
  • 经测试应用

    适用于: IHC-FrWBIPIHC-Pmore details
  • 种属反应性

    与反应: Mouse, Rat, Human
  • 免疫原

    Synthetic peptide. This information is proprietary to Abcam and/or its suppliers.
    (Peptide available as ab242015)

  • 阳性对照

    • WB: Human hippocampus, C57 and SH-SY5Y treated with sorbitol whole cell lysates; Rat cerebral cortex lysate; IHC-P: Human Alzheimer hippocampus tissue; Human, rat and mouse cerebrum tissues; IP: Rat cerebral cortex lysate; IHC-Fr: Mouse cerebrum tissue, Hu Alzheimer brain.
  • 常规说明

    This is the corresponding antibody for ab204779

     

    This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

    • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
    • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
    • - Long-term security of supply
    • - Animal-free production
    For more information see here.

    Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

    We are constantly working hard to ensure we provide our customers with best in class antibodies. As a result of this work we are pleased to now offer this antibody in purified format. We are in the process of updating our datasheets. The purified format is designated 'PUR' on our product labels. If you have any questions regarding this update, please contact our Scientific Support team.

性能

  • 形式

    Liquid
  • 存放说明

    Shipped at 4°C. Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Upon delivery aliquot. Store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle.
  • 存储溶液

    Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
    Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol, 0.05% BSA
  • 浓度
    • 100 µl 浓度为 0.12 mg/ml
    • 40 µl 浓度为 0.12 mg/ml
    • 批次浓度范围 10 µl 浓度为 0.119 - 0.12 mg/ml

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  • 纯度

    Protein A purified
  • 克隆

    单克隆
  • 克隆编号

    EPR2488
  • 同种型

    IgG
  • 研究领域

  • 应用

    The Abpromise guarantee

    Abpromise™承诺保证使用ab151559于以下的经测试应用

    “应用说明”部分 下显示的仅为推荐的起始稀释度;实际最佳的稀释度/浓度应由使用者检定。

    应用Ab评论说明
    IHC-Fr 
    1/50. 

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval using sodium citrate buffer (10mM citrate pH 6.0 + 0.05% Tween-20)

    WB 
    1/1000 - 1/10000. Predicted molecular weight: 46 kDa.Can be blocked with Human Tau (phospho T231) peptide (ab242015).
    IP 
    1/20. 

    For unpurified use at 1/50 dilution.

    IHC-P(4)
    1/500. Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. 

    See IHC antigen retrieval protocols.

    For unpurified use at 1/200 dilution.
     

    靶标

    • 功能

      Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by tau localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization.
    • 组织特异性

      Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system.
    • 疾病相关

      Note=In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by tangles of paired helical filaments (PHF) and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of TAU (PHF-TAU or AD P-TAU).
      Defects in MAPT are a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [MIM:600274]; also called frontotemporal dementia (FTD), pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) or historically termed Pick complex. This form of frontotemporal dementia is characterized by presenile dementia with behavioral changes, deterioration of cognitive capacities and loss of memory. In some cases, parkinsonian symptoms are prominent. Neuropathological changes include frontotemporal atrophy often associated with atrophy of the basal ganglia, substantia nigra, amygdala. In most cases, protein tau deposits are found in glial cells and/or neurons.
      Defects in MAPT are a cause of Pick disease of the brain (PIDB) [MIM:172700]. It is a rare form of dementia pathologically defined by severe atrophy, neuronal loss and gliosis. It is characterized by the occurrence of tau-positive inclusions, swollen neurons (Pick cells) and argentophilic neuronal inclusions known as Pick bodies that disproportionally affect the frontal and temporal cortical regions. Clinical features include aphasia, apraxia, confusion, anomia, memory loss and personality deterioration.
      Note=Defects in MAPT are a cause of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). It is marked by extrapyramidal signs and apraxia and can be associated with memory loss. Neuropathologic features may overlap Alzheimer disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson disease.
      Defects in MAPT are a cause of progressive supranuclear palsy type 1 (PSNP1) [MIM:601104, 260540]; also abbreviated as PSP and also known as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. PSNP1 is characterized by akinetic-rigid syndrome, supranuclear gaze palsy, pyramidal tract dysfunction, pseudobulbar signs and cognitive capacities deterioration. Neurofibrillary tangles and gliosis but no amyloid plaques are found in diseased brains. Most cases appear to be sporadic, with a significant association with a common haplotype including the MAPT gene and the flanking regions. Familial cases show an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission with incomplete penetrance; genetic analysis of a few cases showed the occurrence of tau mutations, including a deletion of Asn-613.
    • 序列相似性

      Contains 4 Tau/MAP repeats.
    • 发展阶段

      Four-repeat (type II) tau is expressed in an adult-specific manner and is not found in fetal brain, whereas three-repeat (type I) tau is found in both adult and fetal brain.
    • 结构域

      The tau/MAP repeat binds to tubulin. Type I isoforms contain 3 repeats while type II isoforms contain 4 repeats.
    • 翻译后修饰

      Phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues in S-P or T-P motifs by proline-directed protein kinases (PDPK: CDK1, CDK5, GSK-3, MAPK) (only 2-3 sites per protein in interphase, seven-fold increase in mitosis, and in PHF-tau), and at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) in Alzheimer diseased brains. Phosphorylation decreases with age. Phosphorylation within tau's repeat domain or in flanking regions seems to reduce tau's interaction with, respectively, microtubules or plasma membrane components. Phosphorylation on Ser-610, Ser-622, Ser-641 and Ser-673 in several isoforms during mitosis.
      Polyubiquitinated. Requires functional TRAF6 and may provoke SQSTM1-dependent degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). PHF-tau can be modified by three different forms of polyubiquitination. 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination is the major form, 'Lys-6'-linked and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination also occur.
      Glycation of PHF-tau, but not normal brain tau. Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that involves a covalent linkage between a sugar and an amino group of a protein molecule forming ketoamine. Subsequent oxidation, fragmentation and/or cross-linking of ketoamine leads to the production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES). Glycation may play a role in stabilizing PHF aggregation leading to tangle formation in AD.
    • 细胞定位

      Cytoplasm > cytosol. Cell membrane. Cytoplasm > cytoskeleton. Cell projection > axon. Mostly found in the axons of neurons, in the cytosol and in association with plasma membrane components.
    • Information by UniProt
    • 数据库链接

    • 形式

      There are 9 isoforms produced by alternative splicing.
    • 别名

      • AI413597 antibody
      • AW045860 antibody
      • DDPAC antibody
      see all

    图片

    • All lanes : Anti-Tau (phospho T231) antibody [EPR2488] (ab151559) at 1/1000 dilution (unpurified)

      Lane 1 : SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line from bone marrow) cell lysate, untreated
      Lane 2 : SH-SY5Y cell
      lysate, treated with sorbitol

      Lysates/proteins at 10 µg per lane.

      Predicted band size: 46 kDa

    • IHC image of Tau (phospho T231) staining in a section of frozen normal human Azheimer brain performed on a Leica BONDTM system using the standard protocol. The section was fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde (10 min) prior to staining. The section was incubated with ab151559, 1/1000 dilution, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX. The inset secondary-only control image is taken from an identical assay without primary antibody.

      For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.

    • Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) analysis of mouse cerebrum tissue sections labeling Tau with Purified ab151559 at 1/50 (1.5 µg/ml).Heat mediated antigen retrieval using sodium citrate buffer (10mM citrate pH 6.0 + 0.05% Tween-20). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, ab150077) was used as the secondary antibody. Negative control: PBS instead of the primary antibody. DAPI was used as a counterstain.

    • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Rat cerebrum tissue sections labeling Tau with Purified ab151559 at 1:500 dilution (0.24 µg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using citrate (pH 6.0)

    • ab151559 (purified) at 1:20 dilution (0.6µg) immunoprecipitating Tau in Rat cerebral cortex lysate.
      Lane 1 (input): Rat cerebral cortex lysate 10µg
      Lane 2 (+): ab151559 & Rat cerebral cortex lysate
      Lane 3 (-): Rabbit monoclonal IgG (ab172730) instead of ab151559 inRat cerebral cortex lysate
      For western blotting, VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (ab131366) was used for detection at 1:1000 dilution.
      Blocking and diluting buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.

    • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Mouse cerebrum tissue sections labeling Tau or Primary ab team with Purified ab151559 at 1:500 dilution (0.24 µg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using citrate (pH 6.0)

    • All lanes : Anti-Tau (phospho T231) antibody [EPR2488] (ab151559) at 1/5000 dilution (Purified)

      Lane 1 : Rat cerebral cortex lysates with 5% NFDM/TBST
      Lane 2 : Rat cerebral cortex lysates. Then the membrane was incubated with phosphatase. with 5% NFDM/TBST

      Lysates/proteins at 15 µg per lane.

      Secondary
      All lanes : Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, (H+L), Peroxidase conjugated)

      Predicted band size: 46 kDa
      Observed band size: 50-70 kDawhy is the actual band size different from the predicted?

    • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human cerebrum tissue sections labeling Tau with Purified ab151559 at 1:500 dilution (0.24 µg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using citrate (pH 6.0)

    • IHC image of Tau (phospho T231) staining in human Alzheimer hippocampus formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer. The section was then incubated with unpurified ab151559 at 1/2000 dilution for 2 hours at 21ºC. A biotin conjugated goat-anti-rabbit antibody was used as a secondary at 1/250. The section shows clear neurofibrillary tangles in a subset of neurons.

      See Abreview

    • IHC image of Tau (phospho T231) staining in human Alzheimer hippocampus formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section, performed on a Leica Bond system using the standard protocol F. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 minutes. The section was then incubated with unpurified ab151559, 1/200 dilution, for 15 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.

      For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.

    • All lanes : Anti-cardiac Troponin I antibody (ab1000) at 1/1000 dilution (purified)

      Lane 1 : C57 (cerebral cortex) whole cell lysate
      Lane 2 : C57 (cerebral cortex) whole cell lysate incubated with phosphatase

      Lysates/proteins at 15 µg per lane.

      Secondary
      All lanes : Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution

      Predicted band size: 46 kDa
      Observed band size: 50-70 kDawhy is the actual band size different from the predicted?


      Exposure time: 1 second


      Blocking and dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.

    • All lanes : Anti-Tau (phospho T231) antibody [EPR2488] (ab151559) at 1/1000 dilution (purified)

      Lane 1 : Human hippocampus tissue lysate
      Lane 2 : Human hippocampus tissue lysate incubated with phosphatase

      Lysates/proteins at 15 µg per lane.

      Secondary
      All lanes : Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution

      Predicted band size: 46 kDa
      Observed band size: 50-70 kDawhy is the actual band size different from the predicted?


      Exposure time: 1 second


      Blocking and dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.

    实验方案

    Click here to view the general protocols

     被引用在 27 文献中.

    • Zhang X  et al. BMP4 overexpression induces the upregulation of APP/Tau and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Discov 7:51 (2021).PubMed: 33723239
    • Llibre-Guerra JJ  et al. A novel temporal-predominant neuro-astroglial tauopathy associated with TMEM106B gene polymorphism in FTLD/ALS-TDP. Brain Pathol 31:267-282 (2021).PubMed: 33314436
    • Zhou Y  et al. Blood-brain barrier-penetrating siRNA nanomedicine for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Sci Adv 6:N/A (2020).PubMed: 33036977
    • He B  et al. MicroRNA-326 decreases tau phosphorylation and neuron apoptosis through inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway by targeting VAV1 in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 235:480-493 (2020).PubMed: 31385301
    • Moosecker S  et al. Activated PPAR? Abrogates Misprocessing of Amyloid Precursor Protein, Tau Missorting and Synaptotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 13:239 (2019).

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